Unity 外观模式（实例详解）

文章目录

- - 示例1：初始化游戏场景中的多个子系统
  - 示例2：管理音频播放
  - 示例3：场景加载流程
  - 示例4：UI管理器
  - 示例5：网络服务通信

在Unity中使用外观模式（Facade）时，主要目的是为了简化复杂子系统间的交互，为外部提供一个更简洁、统一的接口。以下是一个简化的概念性示例，并扩展为5个不同场景下的代码实例：

示例1：初始化游戏场景中的多个子系统

// 子系统接口或类定义
public interface ISubSystemA
{
    void Initialize();
}

public class SubSystemA : ISubSystemA
{
    public void Initialize()
    {
        Debug.Log("Subsystem A initialized.");
    }
}

public interface ISubSystemB
{
    void Initialize();
}

public class SubSystemB : ISubSystemB
{
    public void Initialize()
    {
        Debug.Log("Subsystem B initialized.");
    }
}

// 外观（Facade）类
public class GameInitializerFacade
{
    private ISubSystemA _subSystemA;
    private ISubSystemB _subSystemB;

    public GameInitializerFacade(ISubSystemA subSystemA, ISubSystemB subSystemB)
    {
        _subSystemA = subSystemA;
        _subSystemB = subSystemB;
    }

    public void InitializeGame()
    {
        _subSystemA.Initialize();
        _subSystemB.Initialize();
        Debug.Log("All subsystems initialized through Facade.");
    }
}

// 使用外观模式初始化游戏
public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    void Start()
    {
        var initializer = new GameInitializerFacade(new SubSystemA(), new SubSystemB());
        initializer.InitializeGame();
    }
}

示例2：管理音频播放

public interface IAudioPlayer
{
    void PlayMusic(string track);
    void PlaySoundEffect(string effect);
}

public class AudioPlayer : IAudioPlayer
{
    // 实现音频播放逻辑...
}

public class AudioManagerFacade
{
    private IAudioPlayer _audioPlayer;

    public AudioManagerFacade(IAudioPlayer audioPlayer)
    {
        _audioPlayer = audioPlayer;
    }

    public void PlayMainMenuMusic()
    {
        _audioPlayer.PlayMusic("MainTheme");
    }

    public void PlayJumpSound()
    {
        _audioPlayer.PlaySoundEffect("Jump");
    }
}

// 在游戏中通过外观来控制音频
public class SceneController : MonoBehaviour
{
    private AudioManagerFacade _audioManager;

    void Start()
    {
        _audioManager = new AudioManagerFacade(new AudioPlayer());
        _audioManager.PlayMainMenuMusic();
    }

    void OnJump()
    {
        _audioManager.PlayJumpSound();
    }
}

示例3：场景加载流程

public interface ISceneLoader
{
    void Load(SceneName scene);
    void Unload(SceneName scene);
}

public class SceneManager : ISceneLoader
{
    // 实现场景加载卸载功能...
}

public class SceneLoadingFacade
{
    private ISceneLoader _sceneLoader;

    public SceneLoadingFacade(ISceneLoader loader)
    {
        _sceneLoader = loader;
    }

    public void LoadMainMenu()
    {
        _sceneLoader.Load(SceneName.MainMenu);
    }

    public void LoadGameplay()
    {
        _sceneLoader.Unload(SceneName.MainMenu);
        _sceneLoader.Load(SceneName.Gameplay);
    }
}

// 游戏流程控制
public class TransitionController : MonoBehaviour
{
    private SceneLoadingFacade _loadingFacade;

    void Start()
    {
        _loadingFacade = new SceneLoadingFacade(new SceneManager());
        _loadingFacade.LoadMainMenu();
    }

    public void OnPlayButtonClicked()
    {
        _loadingFacade.LoadGameplay();
    }
}

示例4：UI管理器

public interface IUIManager
{
    void ShowMenu(MenuType menu);
    void HideMenu(MenuType menu);
}

public class UIManager : IUIManager
{
    // 实现菜单显示隐藏逻辑...
}

public class UIFacade
{
    private IUIManager _uiManager;

    public UIFacade(IUIManager manager)
    {
        _uiManager = manager;
    }

    public void OpenSettings()
    {
        _uiManager.ShowMenu(MenuType.Settings);
    }

    public void CloseAllMenus()
    {
        _uiManager.HideMenu(MenuType.All);
    }
}

// 游戏中UI控制
public class MenuInteraction : MonoBehaviour
{
    private UIFacade _uiFacade;

    void Start()
    {
        _uiFacade = new UIFacade(new UIManager());
    }

    void OnSettingsButtonClick()
    {
        _uiFacade.OpenSettings();
    }

    void OnBackPressed()
    {
        _uiFacade.CloseAllMenus();
    }
}

示例5：网络服务通信

public interface INetworkService
{
    void Connect(string address);
    void SendData(byte[] data);
    void Disconnect();
}

public class NetworkServiceImpl : INetworkService
{
    // 实现网络连接和数据发送逻辑...
}

public class NetworkServiceFacade
{
    private INetworkService _networkService;

    public NetworkServiceFacade(INetworkService service)
    {
        _networkService = service;
    }

    public void ConnectToServer(string ip, int port)
    {
        string address = $"{ip}:{port}";
        _networkService.Connect(address);
    }

    public void SendGameData(GameData data)
    {
        byte[] serializedData = SerializeGameData(data);
        _networkService.SendData(serializedData);
    }

    public void DisconnectFromServer()
    {
        _networkService.Disconnect();
    }
}

// 游戏中网络模块调用
public class NetworkController : MonoBehaviour
{
    private NetworkServiceFacade _networkFacade;

    void Start()
    {
        _networkFacade = new NetworkServiceFacade(new NetworkServiceImpl());
    }

    void OnConnectButtonClicked()
    {
        _networkFacade.ConnectToServer("192.168.0.1", 12345);
    }

    void OnSendGameData()
    {
        GameData gameData = GetGameData();
        _networkFacade.SendGameData(gameData);
    }

    void OnDisconnectButtonClicked()
    {
        _networkFacade.DisconnectFromServer();
    }
}