前言
http/https协议提交在被抓包时请求内容是明文的, 直接传输账号密码的风险非常大，故这里我们要对数据加密处理，并生成校验码，防止数据篡改
Http/https传输账户密码等数据时需要加密处理的原因主要有以下几点：
- 数据保密性：账户密码等敏感信息是用户的私密数据，如果明文传输，可能会被中间人窃取或篡改，导致用户的账户被盗用或信息泄露。通过加密处理，可以保证数据在传输过程中的保密性，使得只有合法的接收方能够解密和使用这些数据。
- 防止篡改：在传输过程中，数据可能会被恶意篡改，例如中间人攻击、数据包劫持等。通过加密处理，可以在接收方验证数据的完整性，确保数据在传输过程中没有被篡改。
- 身份验证：加密处理可以用于身份验证，确保数据的发送方和接收方的身份是合法的。例如，使用公钥加密算法对数据进行加密，只有拥有私钥的接收方才能解密，从而验证发送方的身份。
具体思路
1.前端对账户信息进行AES加密（与后端使用同一密钥），密码进行MD5加密，再将加密后面的两个字符串拼接在一起，进行MD5加密作为我们的校验码(校验加密数据在请求过程中是否被更改)
2.后端收到加密后的账户和密码以及校验码，同1加密得校验码，比较校验码是否一致，如果一致，进行后续操作
- 注册时，后端对接受到的MD5加密后的密码进行加盐加密操作,并将盐值一并存入库中，方便后续登录校验
- 登录时，取得对应用户的盐值，对接收到的密码进行加盐加密，再与原先库中的密码相比较
以下是注册操作的大体流程
代码实现
前端信息加密处理（Vue）
安装crypto-js库，用来AES加密
npm install crypto-js --save-dev编写AES加密工具类
import CryptoJS from 'crypto-js';
//加密
export const aesEncrypt = (word : string, keyStr : string) => {
keyStr = keyStr ? keyStr : 'abcdsxyzhkj12345'; //判断是否存在ksy，不存在就用定义好的key
const key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(keyStr);
const srcs = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(word);
const encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(srcs, key, { mode: CryptoJS.mode.ECB, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7 });
return encrypted.toString();
}
//解密
export const aesDecrypt = (word : string, keyStr : string) => {
keyStr = keyStr ? keyStr : 'abcdsxyzhkj12345';
const key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(keyStr);
const decrypt = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(word, key, { mode: CryptoJS.mode.ECB, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7 });
return CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.stringify(decrypt).toString();
}
//密钥（长度必须为16位，或者16位的倍数）
export const encodeSecret = "1148+=--jkl;P,fj"编写MD5加密类
// md5加密
export function md5(string : string,bit : Number) {
function md5_RotateLeft(lValue, iShiftBits) {
return (lValue << iShiftBits) | (lValue >>> (32 - iShiftBits));
}
function md5_AddUnsigned(lX, lY) {
var lX4, lY4, lX8, lY8, lResult;
lX8 = (lX & 0x80000000);
lY8 = (lY & 0x80000000);
lX4 = (lX & 0x40000000);
lY4 = (lY & 0x40000000);
lResult = (lX & 0x3FFFFFFF) + (lY & 0x3FFFFFFF);
if (lX4 & lY4) {
return (lResult ^ 0x80000000 ^ lX8 ^ lY8);
}
if (lX4 | lY4) {
if (lResult & 0x40000000) {
return (lResult ^ 0xC0000000 ^ lX8 ^ lY8);
} else {
return (lResult ^ 0x40000000 ^ lX8 ^ lY8);
}
} else {
return (lResult ^ lX8 ^ lY8);
}
}
function md5_F(x, y, z) {
return (x & y) | ((~x) & z);
}
function md5_G(x, y, z) {
return (x & z) | (y & (~z));
}
function md5_H(x, y, z) {
return (x ^ y ^ z);
}
function md5_I(x, y, z) {
return (y ^ (x | (~z)));
}
function md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {
a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, md5_AddUnsigned(md5_AddUnsigned(md5_F(b, c, d), x), ac));
return md5_AddUnsigned(md5_RotateLeft(a, s), b);
};
function md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {
a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, md5_AddUnsigned(md5_AddUnsigned(md5_G(b, c, d), x), ac));
return md5_AddUnsigned(md5_RotateLeft(a, s), b);
};
function md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {
a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, md5_AddUnsigned(md5_AddUnsigned(md5_H(b, c, d), x), ac));
return md5_AddUnsigned(md5_RotateLeft(a, s), b);
};
function md5_II(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {
a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, md5_AddUnsigned(md5_AddUnsigned(md5_I(b, c, d), x), ac));
return md5_AddUnsigned(md5_RotateLeft(a, s), b);
};
function md5_ConvertToWordArray(string) {
var lWordCount;
var lMessageLength = string.length;
var lNumberOfWords_temp1 = lMessageLength + 8;
var lNumberOfWords_temp2 = (lNumberOfWords_temp1 - (lNumberOfWords_temp1 % 64)) / 64;
var lNumberOfWords = (lNumberOfWords_temp2 + 1) * 16;
var lWordArray = Array(lNumberOfWords - 1);
var lBytePosition = 0;
var lByteCount = 0;
while (lByteCount < lMessageLength) {
lWordCount = (lByteCount - (lByteCount % 4)) / 4;
lBytePosition = (lByteCount % 4) * 8;
lWordArray[lWordCount] = (lWordArray[lWordCount] | (string.charCodeAt(lByteCount) << lBytePosition));
lByteCount++;
}
lWordCount = (lByteCount - (lByteCount % 4)) / 4;
lBytePosition = (lByteCount % 4) * 8;
lWordArray[lWordCount] = lWordArray[lWordCount] | (0x80 << lBytePosition);
lWordArray[lNumberOfWords - 2] = lMessageLength << 3;
lWordArray[lNumberOfWords - 1] = lMessageLength >>> 29;
return lWordArray;
};
function md5_WordToHex(lValue) {
var WordToHexValue = "", WordToHexValue_temp = "", lByte, lCount;
for (lCount = 0; lCount <= 3; lCount++) {
lByte = (lValue >>> (lCount * 8)) & 255;
WordToHexValue_temp = "0" + lByte.toString(16);
WordToHexValue = WordToHexValue + WordToHexValue_temp.substr(WordToHexValue_temp.length - 2, 2);
}
return WordToHexValue;
};
function md5_Utf8Encode(string) {
string = string.replace(/\r\n/g, "\n");
var utftext = "";
for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) {
var c = string.charCodeAt(n);
if (c < 128) {
utftext += String.fromCharCode(c);
} else if ((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) {
utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192);
utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
} else {
utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224);
utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
}
}
return utftext;
};
var x = Array();
var k, AA, BB, CC, DD, a, b, c, d;
var S11 = 7, S12 = 12, S13 = 17, S14 = 22;
var S21 = 5, S22 = 9, S23 = 14, S24 = 20;
var S31 = 4, S32 = 11, S33 = 16, S34 = 23;
var S41 = 6, S42 = 10, S43 = 15, S44 = 21;
string = md5_Utf8Encode(string);
x = md5_ConvertToWordArray(string);
a = 0x67452301; b = 0xEFCDAB89; c = 0x98BADCFE; d = 0x10325476;
for (k = 0; k < x.length; k += 16) {
AA = a; BB = b; CC = c; DD = d;
a = md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x[k + 0], S11, 0xD76AA478);
d = md5_FF(d, a, b, c, x[k + 1], S12, 0xE8C7B756);
c = md5_FF(c, d, a, b, x[k + 2], S13, 0x242070DB);
b = md5_FF(b, c, d, a, x[k + 3], S14, 0xC1BDCEEE);
a = md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x[k + 4], S11, 0xF57C0FAF);
d = md5_FF(d, a, b, c, x[k + 5], S12, 0x4787C62A);
c = md5_FF(c, d, a, b, x[k + 6], S13, 0xA8304613);
b = md5_FF(b, c, d, a, x[k + 7], S14, 0xFD469501);
a = md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x[k + 8], S11, 0x698098D8);
d = md5_FF(d, a, b, c, x[k + 9], S12, 0x8B44F7AF);
c = md5_FF(c, d, a, b, x[k + 10], S13, 0xFFFF5BB1);
b = md5_FF(b, c, d, a, x[k + 11], S14, 0x895CD7BE);
a = md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x[k + 12], S11, 0x6B901122);
d = md5_FF(d, a, b, c, x[k + 13], S12, 0xFD987193);
c = md5_FF(c, d, a, b, x[k + 14], S13, 0xA679438E);
b = md5_FF(b, c, d, a, x[k + 15], S14, 0x49B40821);
a = md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x[k + 1], S21, 0xF61E2562);
d = md5_GG(d, a, b, c, x[k + 6], S22, 0xC040B340);
c = md5_GG(c, d, a, b, x[k + 11], S23, 0x265E5A51);
b = md5_GG(b, c, d, a, x[k + 0], S24, 0xE9B6C7AA);
a = md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x[k + 5], S21, 0xD62F105D);
d = md5_GG(d, a, b, c, x[k + 10], S22, 0x2441453);
c = md5_GG(c, d, a, b, x[k + 15], S23, 0xD8A1E681);
b = md5_GG(b, c, d, a, x[k + 4], S24, 0xE7D3FBC8);
a = md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x[k + 9], S21, 0x21E1CDE6);
d = md5_GG(d, a, b, c, x[k + 14], S22, 0xC33707D6);
c = md5_GG(c, d, a, b, x[k + 3], S23, 0xF4D50D87);
b = md5_GG(b, c, d, a, x[k + 8], S24, 0x455A14ED);
a = md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x[k + 13], S21, 0xA9E3E905);
d = md5_GG(d, a, b, c, x[k + 2], S22, 0xFCEFA3F8);
c = md5_GG(c, d, a, b, x[k + 7], S23, 0x676F02D9);
b = md5_GG(b, c, d, a, x[k + 12], S24, 0x8D2A4C8A);
a = md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x[k + 5], S31, 0xFFFA3942);
d = md5_HH(d, a, b, c, x[k + 8], S32, 0x8771F681);
c = md5_HH(c, d, a, b, x[k + 11], S33, 0x6D9D6122);
b = md5_HH(b, c, d, a, x[k + 14], S34, 0xFDE5380C);
a = md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x[k + 1], S31, 0xA4BEEA44);
d = md5_HH(d, a, b, c, x[k + 4], S32, 0x4BDECFA9);
c = md5_HH(c, d, a, b, x[k + 7], S33, 0xF6BB4B60);
b = md5_HH(b, c, d, a, x[k + 10], S34, 0xBEBFBC70);
a = md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x[k + 13], S31, 0x289B7EC6);
d = md5_HH(d, a, b, c, x[k + 0], S32, 0xEAA127FA);
c = md5_HH(c, d, a, b, x[k + 3], S33, 0xD4EF3085);
b = md5_HH(b, c, d, a, x[k + 6], S34, 0x4881D05);
a = md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x[k + 9], S31, 0xD9D4D039);
d = md5_HH(d, a, b, c, x[k + 12], S32, 0xE6DB99E5);
c = md5_HH(c, d, a, b, x[k + 15], S33, 0x1FA27CF8);
b = md5_HH(b, c, d, a, x[k + 2], S34, 0xC4AC5665);
a = md5_II(a, b, c, d, x[k + 0], S41, 0xF4292244);
d = md5_II(d, a, b, c, x[k + 7], S42, 0x432AFF97);
c = md5_II(c, d, a, b, x[k + 14], S43, 0xAB9423A7);
b = md5_II(b, c, d, a, x[k + 5], S44, 0xFC93A039);
a = md5_II(a, b, c, d, x[k + 12], S41, 0x655B59C3);
d = md5_II(d, a, b, c, x[k + 3], S42, 0x8F0CCC92);
c = md5_II(c, d, a, b, x[k + 10], S43, 0xFFEFF47D);
b = md5_II(b, c, d, a, x[k + 1], S44, 0x85845DD1);
a = md5_II(a, b, c, d, x[k + 8], S41, 0x6FA87E4F);
d = md5_II(d, a, b, c, x[k + 15], S42, 0xFE2CE6E0);
c = md5_II(c, d, a, b, x[k + 6], S43, 0xA3014314);
b = md5_II(b, c, d, a, x[k + 13], S44, 0x4E0811A1);
a = md5_II(a, b, c, d, x[k + 4], S41, 0xF7537E82);
d = md5_II(d, a, b, c, x[k + 11], S42, 0xBD3AF235);
c = md5_II(c, d, a, b, x[k + 2], S43, 0x2AD7D2BB);
b = md5_II(b, c, d, a, x[k + 9], S44, 0xEB86D391);
a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, AA);
b = md5_AddUnsigned(b, BB);
c = md5_AddUnsigned(c, CC);
d = md5_AddUnsigned(d, DD);
}
if(bit==32){
return (md5_WordToHex(a) + md5_WordToHex(b) + md5_WordToHex(c) + md5_WordToHex(d)).toLowerCase();
}
return (md5_WordToHex(b) + md5_WordToHex(c)).toLowerCase();
}后端处理（springboot）
自定义AES加密密钥以及盐值长度等配置
encoding:
# key需要为16位的倍数
aes-secret-key: "9948+=--jkl;P,fj"
salt-length: 6定义AES工具类
/**
* java使用AES加密解密 AES-128-ECB加密
* 与mysql数据库aes加密算法通用
* 数据库aes加密解密
* -- 加密
* SELECT to_base64(AES_ENCRYPT('www.gowhere.so','jkl;POIU1234++=='));
* -- 解密
* SELECT AES_DECRYPT(from_base64('Oa1NPBSarXrPH8wqSRhh3g=='),'jkl;POIU1234++==');
* @author 836508
*
*/
public class AESUtil {
// 加密
public static String Encrypt(String sSrc, String sKey) throws Exception {
if (sKey == null) {
System.out.print("Key为空null");
return null;
}
// 判断Key是否为16位
if (sKey.length() != 16) {
System.out.print("Key长度不是16位");
return null;
}
byte[] raw = sKey.getBytes("utf-8");
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");//"算法/模式/补码方式"
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(sSrc.getBytes("utf-8"));
return new BASE64Encoder().encode(encrypted);//此处使用BASE64做转码功能，同时能起到2次加密的作用。
}
// 解密
public static String Decrypt(String sSrc, String sKey) throws Exception {
try {
// 判断Key是否正确
if (sKey == null) {
System.out.print("Key为空null");
return null;
}
// 判断Key是否为16位
if (sKey.length() != 16) {
System.out.print("Key长度不是16位");
return null;
}
byte[] raw = sKey.getBytes("utf-8");
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
byte[] encrypted1 = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(sSrc);//先用base64解密
try {
byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted1);
String originalString = new String(original,"utf-8");
return originalString;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
return null;
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println(ex.toString());
return null;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
/*
* 此处使用AES-128-ECB加密模式，key需要为16位。
*/
String cKey = "9948+=--jkl;P,fj";
// 需要加密的字串
String cSrc = "W2hXf6pAeuCP0u2Domsnfg==";
System.out.println(cSrc);
// // 加密
// String enString = AESUtil.Encrypt(cSrc, cKey);
// System.out.println("加密后的字串是：" + enString);
// 解密
String DeString = AESUtil.Decrypt(cSrc, cKey);
System.out.println("解密后的字串是：" + DeString);
}
}定义MD5工具类
/**
* @description MD5加密工具类，支持位数，加盐，无盐，大小写
*/
public class MD5Util {
/**
* @Title: md5Lower
* @Description:不加盐值32位小写
*/
public static String md5Lower(String plainText) {
String md5 = null;
if (null != plainText && !"".equals(plainText)) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
md.update(plainText.getBytes("UTF-8"));
md5 = new BigInteger(1, md.digest()).toString(16);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return md5;
}
/**
* @Title: md5Lower
* @Description:加盐值32位小写
*/
public static String md5Lower(String plainText, String saltValue) {
String md5 = null;
if (null != plainText && !"".equals(plainText) && null != saltValue && !"".equals(saltValue)) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
md.update(plainText.getBytes("UTF-8"));
md.update(saltValue.getBytes("UTF-8"));
md5 = new BigInteger(1, md.digest()).toString(16);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return md5;
}
/**
* @Title: md5_16Lower
* @Description:不加盐值16位小写
*/
public static String md5_16Lower(String plainText) {
String md5 = md5Lower(plainText);
return null==md5?md5:md5.substring(8, 24);
}
/**
* @Title: md5_16Lower
* @Description:加盐值16位小写
*/
public static String md5_16Lower(String plainText, String saltValue) {
String md5 = md5Lower(plainText, saltValue);
return null==md5?md5:md5.substring(8, 24);
}
/**
* @Title: md5_16Upper
* @Description:不加盐值16位大写
*/
public static String md5_16Upper(String plainText) {
String md5 = md5_16Lower(plainText);
return null==md5?md5:md5.toUpperCase();
}
/**
* @Title: md5_16Upper
* @Description:加盐值16位大写
*/
public static String md5_16Upper(String plainText, String saltValue) {
String md5 = md5_16Lower(plainText, saltValue);
return null==md5?md5:md5.toUpperCase();
}
/**
* @Title: md5Upper
* @Description:不加盐值32位大写
*/
public static String md5Upper(String plainText) {
String md5 = md5Lower(plainText);
return null==md5?md5:md5.toUpperCase();
}
/**
* @Title: md5Upper
* @Description:加盐值32位大写
*/
public static String md5Upper(String plainText, String saltValue) {
String md5 = md5Lower(plainText, saltValue);
return null==md5?md5:md5.toUpperCase();
}
}随机盐值生成工具类(能生成随机字符串即可)
public class RandUtils {
/**
* 生成count长度的验证码
* @param count
* @return
*/
public static String getRandomCode(Integer count){
Random r = new Random();
String includes = "qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm1234567890";
String code = "";
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
Integer index = r.nextInt(36);
code += includes.charAt(index);
}
return code;
}
}用户注册Controller层
@PostMapping("/register")
public R register(@Valid @RequestBody UserRegisterDto registerQo) throws Exception {
// 1.数据hash校验
String username = registerQo.getUsername();
String password = registerQo.getPassword();
String hashCode = MD5Util.md5Lower(username + password); //重新生成校验码
if(!hashCode.equals(registerQo.getHashCode())){
return R.error("数据异常,请重试");
}
// 2.用户名AES解密还原
registerQo.setUsername(AESUtil.Decrypt(username, AES_SECRET));
// 3.校验通过，开始注册流程
userService.userRegister(registerQo);
return R.success("用户注册成功");
}用户注册Service层
@Override
public void userRegister(UserRegisterDto registerQo) {
// 1.验证码校验
String code = redisService.getString(registerQo.getUserEmail());
if (!registerQo.getVericode().equals(code)) {
throw new CustomException("验证码错误");
}
// 2.查询信息是否存在
LambdaQueryWrapper<SystemUser> queryWrapper1 = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();
queryWrapper1.eq(SystemUser::getUserEmail, registerQo.getUserEmail());
SystemUser systemUserOld = getOne(queryWrapper1);
if (systemUserOld != null) {
throw new CustomException("该邮箱已经被注册");
}
LambdaQueryWrapper<SystemUser> queryWrapper2 = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();
queryWrapper2.eq(SystemUser::getUsername, registerQo.getUsername());
systemUserOld = getOne(queryWrapper2);
if (systemUserOld != null) {
throw new CustomException("该用户名已经被注册");
}
// 3.加盐加密操作
String salt = RandUtils.getRandomCode(SALT_LENGTH); //生成盐值
String passwordMd5WithSalt = MD5Util.md5Lower(registerQo.getPassword(), salt);//加盐MD5加密
// 4.添加用户
SystemUser systemUser = new SystemUser();
systemUser.setUsername(registerQo.getUsername());
systemUser.setPassword(passwordMd5WithSalt);
systemUser.setUserEmail(registerQo.getUserEmail());
systemUser.setHash(salt); //一并保存盐值
save(systemUser);
// 5.删除验证码缓存
redisService.delete(registerQo.getUserEmail());
}用户登录Controller层
@PostMapping("/login")
public R login(@Valid @RequestBody UserLoginDto userLoginDto) throws Exception {
// 1.数据hash校验
String username = userLoginDto.getUsername();
String password = userLoginDto.getPassword();
String hashCode = MD5Util.md5Lower(username + password); //重新生成校验码
if(!hashCode.equals(userLoginDto.getHashCode())){
return R.error("数据异常,请重试");
}
// 2.用户名AES解密还原
userLoginDto.setUsername(AESUtil.Decrypt(username, AES_SECRET));
// 3.校验通过，开始登录验证
LoginSuccessVo loginVo = userService.userLogin(userLoginDto);
return R.success(loginVo);
}用户登录service层
@Override
public LoginSuccessVo userLogin(UserLoginDto userLoginDto) {
// 1.验证码校验
String code = redisService.getString(Constant.ImageCodePreKey + userLoginDto.getCodeUuid());
if (code == null) {
throw new CustomException("验证码已过期");
}
if (!code.toUpperCase().equals(userLoginDto.getVericode().toUpperCase())) {
throw new CustomException("验证码错误");
}
// 2.查找用户
SystemUser systemUser = seekUser(userLoginDto.getUsername());
if (systemUser == null) {
throw new CustomException("用户不存在");
}
// 3.密码校验
// 密码盐值处理
String password = MD5Util.md5Lower(userLoginDto.getPassword() + systemUser.getHash());
if (!systemUser.getPassword().equals(password)) {
throw new CustomException("用户密码错误");
}
// 4.封装token信息
UUID token = UUID.randomUUID();
/*将token存入缓存中,有效期为三天，这里我们把token当成key,用户id当成value*/
redisService.setStringTime(token.toString(), systemUser.getId().toString(), new Long(3), TimeUnit.DAYS);
/*删除本次登录验证码的缓存*/
redisService.delete(Constant.ImageCodePreKey + userLoginDto.getCodeUuid());
/*返回登录成功的信息*/
LoginSuccessVo loginVo = new LoginSuccessVo();
systemUser.setPassword("");
loginVo.setSystemUser(systemUser);
loginVo.setToken(token.toString());
return loginVo;
}
