一、通过ref的形式（推荐）

<template>
  <div class="root">
    <el-select
      ref="optionRef"
      v-model="value"
      placeholder="请选择"
      style="width: 250px"
    >
      <el-option
        v-for="item in options"
        :key="item.id"
        :label="item.label"
        :value="item.value"
      >
      </el-option>
    </el-select>
    <el-button style="margin-left: 20px" @click="showoptions" type="primary" >查看</el-button >
  </div>
</template>

data() {
    return {
      value: "",
      options: [
        { id: 0, label: "苹果", value: "apple" },
        { id: 1, label: "香蕉", value: "banana" },
        { id: 2, label: "橙子", value: "orange" },
      ],
    };
  },

methods: {
    showoptions() {
      console.log(
        this.$refs.optionRef.selected.value,
        this.$refs.optionRef.selected.label
      );
    },
  },

二、字符串拼接的形式（推荐）