Three.js 本地模型加载教程

📅 2026/7/3 2:33:33 👁️ 阅读次数 📝 编程学习
Three.js 本地模型加载教程

本地模型加载 ·Local Model· ▶ 在线运行案例

  • 案例合集:三维可视化功能案例(threehub.cn)
  • 开源仓库github地址:https://github.com/z2586300277/three-cesium-examples
  • 400个案例代码:网盘链接

你将学到什么

  • OrbitControls 相机轨道交互
  • glTF/Draco 模型加载与优化
  • requestAnimationFrame渲染循环与resize自适应

效果说明

本案例演示本地模型加载效果:基于 WebGL 实现「本地模型加载」可视化效果,附完整可运行源码;核心用到 OrbitControls、glTF/Draco。建议先打开文首在线案例查看动态画面,再对照下方源码逐步理解。

核心概念

  • Scene / Camera / WebGLRenderer构成最小渲染闭环;大场景可开logarithmicDepthBuffer缓解 Z-fighting。
  • OrbitControls提供轨道旋转/缩放;开启enableDamping后需在 animate 中controls.update()
  • 阅读下方完整源码时,建议从init/load/animate三条主线入手,再深入 shader 与工具函数。

实现步骤

  • 搭建 Scene、PerspectiveCamera、WebGLRenderer,挂载 canvas 并处理resize
  • 异步加载模型 / 3D Tiles / GeoJSON 等资源并加入 scene 或 entities
  • 创建 OrbitControls(及 Raycaster 等交互控件,若源码包含)
  • requestAnimationFrame循环中更新状态并 render(Cesium 为viewer.render或自动渲染)
  • 代码要点

    import * as THREE from 'three'

    import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js' import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader.js' import { DRACOLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/DRACOLoader.js'

    const box = document.getElementById('box')

    const scene = new THREE.Scene()

    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(50, box.clientWidth / box.clientHeight, 0.1, 10000000)

    camera.position.set(10, 10, 10)

    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, alpha: true, logarithmicDepthBuffer: true })

    renderer.setSize(box.clientWidth, box.clientHeight)

    box.appendChild(renderer.domElement)

    const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement)

    controls.enableDamping = true

    scene.add(new THREE.AxesHelper(500), new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 2))

    animate()

    function animate() {

    requestAnimationFrame(animate)

    controls.update()

    renderer.render(scene, camera)

    }

    window.onresize = () => {

    renderer.setSize(box.clientWidth, box.clientHeight)

    camera.aspect = box.clientWidth / box.clientHeight

    camera.updateProjectionMatrix()

    }

    // 文件地址 const urls = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].map(k => (FILE_HOST + 'files/sky/skyBox0/' + (k + 1) + '.png'));

    const textureCube = new THREE.CubeTextureLoader().load(urls);

    scene.background = textureCube;

    // 创建一个文件上传的输入框 const input = document.createElement('input') input.type = 'file' input.accept = '.glb' Object.assign(input.style, { position: 'absolute', top: '30px', left: '100px', zIndex: 9999 }) input.onchange = (e) => { const file = e.target.files[0] const url = URL.createObjectURL(file) new GLTFLoader().setDRACOLoader(new DRACOLoader().setDecoderPath(FILE_HOST + 'js/three/draco/')).load(url, (gltf) => { gltf.scene.traverse((child) => { if (child?.material) child.material.envMap = textureCube }) scene.add(gltf.scene)

    // 主视图 const box3 = new THREE.Box3().setFromObject(gltf.scene) const center = box3.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3()) const size = box3.getSize(new THREE.Vector3()) const maxDim = Math.max(size.x, size.y, size.z) const fov = camera.fov * (Math.PI / 180) const distance = (maxDim / 2) / Math.tan(fov / 2) camera.position.set(center.x, center.y, center.z + distance + size.z / 2) camera.lookAt(center) controls.target.copy(center) controls.update()

    }) URL.revokeObjectURL(url) } document.body.appendChild(input)

    完整源码:GitHub

    小结

    • 本文提供本地模型加载完整 Three.js 源码与在线 Demo,建议先运行案例再改 uniform/参数做二次实验
    • 更多 Three.js 实战案例见 three-cesium-examples 合集 与 GitHub 开源仓库