Three.js 3D热力图教程

📅 2026/7/3 18:12:46 👁️ 阅读次数 📝 编程学习
Three.js 3D热力图教程

3D热力图 ·Heatmap 3D· ▶ 在线运行案例

  • 案例合集:三维可视化功能案例(threehub.cn)
  • 开源仓库github地址:https://github.com/z2586300277/three-cesium-examples
  • 400个案例代码:网盘链接

你将学到什么

  • ShaderMaterial 自定义着色器实现核心视觉效果
  • OrbitControls 相机轨道交互
  • Canvas 动态纹理贴图
  • requestAnimationFrame渲染循环与resize自适应

效果说明

本案例演示3D热力图效果:用 Canvas 2D 绘制内容并实时映射为 Three.js 纹理;核心用到 ShaderMaterial、OrbitControls、Canvas。建议先打开文首在线案例查看动态画面,再对照下方源码逐步理解。

核心概念

  • Scene / Camera / WebGLRenderer构成最小渲染闭环;大场景可开logarithmicDepthBuffer缓解 Z-fighting。
  • ShaderMaterial通过uniforms+ 自定义 GLSL 控制逐像素/逐点效果;透明粒子常配合depthTest: false
  • OrbitControls提供轨道旋转/缩放;开启enableDamping后需在 animate 中controls.update()
  • CanvasTexture每帧或按需把 2D Canvas 内容上传 GPU,适合动态文字、图表、视频帧贴图。

实现步骤

  • 搭建 Scene、PerspectiveCamera、WebGLRenderer,挂载 canvas 并处理resize
  • 定义 uniforms / onBeforeCompile 或 ShaderMaterial,编写 GLSL 与材质参数
  • 创建 OrbitControls(及 Raycaster 等交互控件,若源码包含)
  • requestAnimationFrame循环中更新状态并 render(Cesium 为viewer.render或自动渲染)
  • 代码要点

    import * as THREE from 'three';

    import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js' import * as dat from 'dat.gui' /heatmap.js 自行安装module 方式引入 此处我为src 方式引入/

    const DOM = document.getElementById('box')

    const scene = new THREE.Scene()

    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, DOM.clientWidth / DOM.clientHeight, 0.1, 1000)

    camera.position.set(0, 40, 40)

    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, alpha: true, logarithmicDepthBuffer: true })

    renderer.setSize(DOM.clientWidth, DOM.clientHeight)

    DOM.appendChild(renderer.domElement)

    new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement)

    scene.add(new THREE.AxesHelper(500), new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 3))

    window.onresize = () => {

    renderer.setSize(DOM.clientWidth, DOM.clientHeight)

    camera.aspect = DOM.clientWidth / DOM.clientHeight

    camera.updateProjectionMatrix()

    }

    animate()

    // 渲染 function animate() {

    renderer.render(scene, camera)

    requestAnimationFrame(animate)

    }

    const getRandom = (max, min) => Math.round((Math.random()(max - min + 1) + min)10) / 10

    var heatmap = h337.create({ container: document.createElement('div'), width: 256, height: 256, blur: '0.8', radius: 10 });

    var i = 0, max = 10, data = []; while (i < 2000) { data.push({ x: getRandom(1, 256), y: getRandom(1, 256), value: getRandom(1, 6) }); i++; }

    heatmap.setData({ max: max, data: data });

    const texture = new THREE.CanvasTexture(heatmap._renderer.canvas); const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(50, 50, 1000, 1000); geometry.rotateX(-Math.PI * 0.5);

    const material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({ uniforms: { heightMap: { value: texture }, heightRatio: { value: 5 } }, vertexShader:uniform sampler2D heightMap; uniform float heightRatio; varying vec2 vUv; varying float hValue; varying vec3 cl; void main() { vUv = uv; vec3 pos = position; cl = texture2D(heightMap, vUv).rgb; hValue = texture2D(heightMap, vUv).r; pos.y = hValue * heightRatio; gl_Position = projectionMatrixmodelViewMatrixvec4(pos,1.0); }, fragmentShader:varying float hValue; varying vec3 cl; void main() { float v = abs(hValue - 1.); gl_FragColor = vec4(cl, .8 - v * v) ; }, transparent: true, })

    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material); scene.add(mesh);

    new dat.GUI().add(mesh.material.uniforms.heightRatio, "value", 1, 15).name("heightRatio")

    完整源码:GitHub

    小结

    • 本文提供3D热力图完整 Three.js 源码与在线 Demo,建议先运行案例再改 uniform/参数做二次实验
    • 更多 Three.js 实战案例见 three-cesium-examples 合集 与 GitHub 开源仓库