stm20260719-STM32F103RCT6_HAL库_三人抢答器
stm20260719-STM32F103RCT6_HAL库_三人抢答器
1.设计说明
①本设计3个玩家参与抢答，利用GPIO下降沿中断响应抢答；
②有人抢答时，锁定抢答成功者，利用串口输出成功抢答者并亮灯；
③抢答成功者长按按键2秒，进入下一轮抢答。
2.硬件资源
MCU型号：STM32F103RCT6
①按键输入：硬件已经加了电容消抖，按键接了上拉，电平有效。
Player 1按键： PB3
Player 2按键： PB4
Player 3按键： PB5
②指示灯输出：上拉，低电平有效。端口：PC6
③UATR端口：UART4(PC10&&PC11)
3.STM32CubeMXz配置
3.1管脚总览
PB6-PB9为其他输出，此抢答器用不到，忽略。
3.2 SYS Debug设置
3.3系统时钟RCC
3.4系统72M时钟树设置
3.5 按键GPIO(PB3/PB4/PB5)设置
PB3/PB4/PB5设置一样，PB6-PB9为其他输出，此抢答器用不到，忽略。
开启按键中断NVIC
3.6指示灯GPIO(PC6)设置
3.7项目设置
代码输出设置
3.8生产代码并打开Keil项目工程
4.mai.c代码
（只需要写main.c文件），总共需要改6个位置的代码。
4.1 包含头文件
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */#include"string.h"//strlen函数使用/* USER CODE END Includes *4.2全局变量定义
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */// 定义获胜者变量：0表示无人抢答，1/2/3代表对应玩家volatileuint8_twinner_id=0;// 定义发送缓冲区和消息字符串uint8_ttx_buffer[50];charmsg_p1[]="Player 1 (PB3) Wins!\r\n";charmsg_p2[]="Player 2 (PB4) Wins!\r\n";charmsg_p3[]="Player 3 (PB5) Wins!\r\n";charmsg_reset[]="Please ready!\r\n";// 重置提示消息#defineLONG_PRESS_MS2000// 长按2秒重置uint32_tpress_start_tick=0;// 按键按下时刻计时uint8_tcheck_long_press=0;// 长按检测标志/* USER CODE END PV */4.3上电初始提示
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */// 上电初始提示HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_reset,strlen(msg_reset),HAL_MAX_DELAY);/* USER CODE END 2 */4.4抢答成功逻辑处理
长按计时原理：
- 主循环反复调用
HAL_GPIO_ReadPin()读取真实引脚电平，确认按键是否保持按下状态，累计按住时长； - 持续按住满 2 秒 → 重置抢答状态 + 串口输出
Please ready； - 中途松开按键 → 计时清零，不会触发重置；
- 仅读取当前获胜者对应按键引脚，其他按键不参与长按判断，防误触发。
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */// 抢答锁定后，轮询检测赢家按键持续按下时长if(winner_id!=0){GPIO_PinState key_state=GPIO_PIN_SET;// 匹配赢家对应的GPIO引脚if(winner_id==1){key_state=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_3);}elseif(winner_id==2){key_state=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_4);}elseif(winner_id==3){key_state=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_5);}// 按键处于持续按下状态（低电平）if(key_state==GPIO_PIN_RESET){// 首次按下：记录起始时间if(press_start_tick==0){press_start_tick=HAL_GetTick();}// 判断长按满 2 秒if((HAL_GetTick()-press_start_tick)>=LONG_PRESS_MS){winner_id=0;press_start_tick=0;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_SET);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_reset,strlen(msg_reset),HAL_MAX_DELAY);}}else{// 按键松开：重置计时press_start_tick=0;}}else{press_start_tick=0;}}/* USER CODE END 34.6抢答中断回调处理
外部中断作用：只捕捉按键第一次按下瞬间，完成抢答锁定，后续按住不放不会反复进中断。
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */voidHAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_tGPIO_Pin){// 只有无人抢答时，才处理抢答按键if(winner_id==0){if(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_3)// 玩家1抢答{winner_id=1;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_p1,strlen(msg_p1),HAL_MAX_DELAY);}elseif(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_4)// 玩家2抢答{winner_id=2;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_p2,strlen(msg_p2),HAL_MAX_DELAY);}elseif(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_5)// 玩家3抢答{winner_id=3;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_p3,strlen(msg_p3),HAL_MAX_DELAY);}}// 抢答锁定后，外部中断不再做任何处理，长按判断交给主循环轮询GPIO电平}/* USER CODE END 4 */5.mai.c完整代码（可直接整体替换）
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header *//** ****************************************************************************** * @file : main.c * @brief : Main program body ****************************************************************************** * @attention * * Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics. * All rights reserved. * * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file * in the root directory of this software component. * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. * ****************************************************************************** *//*三人按键抢答器，抢答成功，输出成功者，并亮灯； 成功者按键按下2秒，复位抢答器，继续下一轮抢答，并熄灯*//* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include"main.h"#include"usart.h"#include"gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */#include"string.h"//strlen函数使用/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */// 定义获胜者变量：0表示无人抢答，1/2/3代表对应玩家volatileuint8_twinner_id=0;// 定义发送缓冲区和消息字符串uint8_ttx_buffer[50];charmsg_p1[]="Player 1 (PB3) Wins!\r\n";charmsg_p2[]="Player 2 (PB4) Wins!\r\n";charmsg_p3[]="Player 3 (PB5) Wins!\r\n";charmsg_reset[]="Please ready!\r\n";// 重置提示消息#defineLONG_PRESS_MS2000// 长按2秒重置uint32_tpress_start_tick=0;// 按键按下时刻计时uint8_tcheck_long_press=0;// 长按检测标志/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/voidSystemClock_Config(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//** * @brief The application entry point. * @retval int */intmain(void){/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_UART4_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */// 上电初始提示HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_reset,strlen(msg_reset),HAL_MAX_DELAY);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while(1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */// 抢答锁定后，轮询检测赢家按键持续按下时长if(winner_id!=0){GPIO_PinState key_state=GPIO_PIN_SET;// 匹配赢家对应的GPIO引脚if(winner_id==1){key_state=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_3);}elseif(winner_id==2){key_state=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_4);}elseif(winner_id==3){key_state=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_5);}// 按键处于持续按下状态（低电平）if(key_state==GPIO_PIN_RESET){// 首次按下：记录起始时间if(press_start_tick==0){press_start_tick=HAL_GetTick();}// 判断长按满 2 秒if((HAL_GetTick()-press_start_tick)>=LONG_PRESS_MS){winner_id=0;press_start_tick=0;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_SET);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_reset,strlen(msg_reset),HAL_MAX_DELAY);}}else{// 按键松开：重置计时press_start_tick=0;}}else{press_start_tick=0;}}/* USER CODE END 3 */}/** * @brief System Clock Configuration * @retval None */voidSystemClock_Config(void){RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct={0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct={0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure. */RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType=RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState=RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue=RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState=RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState=RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource=RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL=RCC_PLL_MUL9;if(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct)!=HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks */RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType=RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource=RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider=RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider=RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider=RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if(HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct,FLASH_LATENCY_2)!=HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */voidHAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_tGPIO_Pin){// 只有无人抢答时，才处理抢答按键if(winner_id==0){if(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_3)// 玩家1抢答{winner_id=1;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_p1,strlen(msg_p1),HAL_MAX_DELAY);}elseif(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_4)// 玩家2抢答{winner_id=2;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_p2,strlen(msg_p2),HAL_MAX_DELAY);}elseif(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_5)// 玩家3抢答{winner_id=3;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4,(uint8_t*)msg_p3,strlen(msg_p3),HAL_MAX_DELAY);}}// 抢答锁定后，外部中断不再做任何处理，长按判断交给主循环轮询GPIO电平}/* USER CODE END 4 *//** * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. * @retval None */voidError_Handler(void){/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while(1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */}#ifdefUSE_FULL_ASSERT/** * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number * where the assert_param error has occurred. * @param file: pointer to the source file name * @param line: assert_param error line source number * @retval None */voidassert_failed(uint8_t*file,uint32_tline){/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */}#endif/* USE_FULL_ASSERT */6串口调试结果