接口调用失败时，直接返回错误不是最佳选择，有些场景重试一下就成功了。Spring Retry 提供了声明式重试机制。

一、引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId><artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId></dependency>

二、开启重试

@SpringBootApplication@EnableRetrypublicclassSeckillApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){SpringApplication.run(SeckillApplication.class,args);}}

三、使用 @Retryable

@ServicepublicclassPaymentService{privatestaticfinalLoggerlog=LoggerFactory.getLogger(PaymentService.class);@Retryable(value={RemoteAccessException.class,TimeoutException.class},maxAttempts=3,backoff=@Backoff(delay=1000,multiplier=2))publicbooleanrefund(StringorderNo){log.info("退款请求: {}",orderNo);// 调用第三方支付接口returnthirdPartyRefund(orderNo);}@Recoverpublicbooleanrecover(RemoteAccessExceptione,StringorderNo){log.error("退款失败，记录到异常表: {}",orderNo,e);// 记录到失败表，人工处理returnfalse;}}

四、自定义重试策略

@ConfigurationpublicclassRetryConfig{@BeanpublicRetryTemplateretryTemplate(){RetryTemplatetemplate=newRetryTemplate();// 重试策略：最多重试5次，间隔递增ExponentialBackOffPolicybackOff=newExponentialBackOffPolicy();backOff.setInitialInterval(1000);backOff.setMultiplier(2);backOff.setMaxInterval(10000);template.setBackOffPolicy(backOff);// 异常判断：哪些异常需要重试SimpleRetryPolicyretryPolicy=newSimpleRetryPolicy();retryPolicy.setMaxAttempts(5);template.setRetryPolicy(retryPolicy);returntemplate;}}

五、编程式重试

@ServicepublicclassOrderService{@AutowiredprivateRetryTemplateretryTemplate;publicbooleanprocessOrder(LongorderId){returnretryTemplate.execute(context->{log.info("处理订单，第{}次尝试",context.getRetryCount()+1);returndoProcess(orderId);},context->{log.error("最终失败",context.getLastThrowable());returnfalse;});}}

六、重试配置

spring:retry:max-attempts:3# 全局最大重试次数

七、秒杀系统应用

@ServicepublicclassSeckillService{@Retryable(value=OptimisticLockException.class,maxAttempts=3,backoff=@Backoff(delay=200))publicbooleandeductStock(LongproductId){// 乐观锁失败时自动重试returnproductMapper.updateStock(productId)>0;}}

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