课程来源:
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1NL41157ph/?p=71&spm_id_from=333.880.my_history.page.click
课程链接与学习资料推荐
django入门课程
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1NL41157ph/?p=71&spm_id_from=333.880.my_history.page.click
django入门项目开发
任务管理平台：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1uA411b77M
django进阶项目（增删改查、权限）
https://space.bilibili.com/283478842/channel/detail?cid=91596&ctype=0
前后端分离的项目： django + drf框架 + vue.js
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZE411j7RK
前端基础
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1QE411j7bV?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0
项目部署
新建django项目
创建app
python manage.py startapp app01
注册app
数据库配置
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'root123',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL
'PORT': 3306,
}
}
等价于建表语句:
create database gx_day16 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
数据库表格创建
from django.db import models
class Department(models.Model):
""" 部门表 """
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
# 无约束
# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
# 1.有约束
# - to，与那张表关联
# - to_field，表中的那一列关联
# 2.django自动
# - 写的depart
# - 生成数据列 depart_id
# 3.部门表被删除
# ### 3.1 级联删除
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
# ### 3.2 置空
# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
# 在django中做的约束
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
django为数据库自动建表
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
建表成功
静态文件管理
django实例
模板继承
定义模版：layout.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugin...min.css' %}">
{% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<h1>标题</h1>
<div>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<h1>底部</h1>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
{% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
继承模版：
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block css %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'pluxxx.css' %}">
<style>
...
</style>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>首页</h1>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script src="{% static 'js/jqxxxin.js' %}"></script>
{% endblock %}
Form表单
views.py
class MyForm(Form):
user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input)
pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
user_add.html(用户添加业务html文件)
普通写法:
<form method="post">
{% for field in form%}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
简便写法:
<form method="post">
{{ form.user }}
{{ form.pwd }}
{{ form.email }}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
ModelForm表单
models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
views.py
class MyForm(ModelForm):
xx = form.CharField*("...")
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ["name","password","age","xx"]
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
user_add.html
一般写法
<form method="post">
{% for field in form%}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
简便写法
<form method="post">
{{ form.user }}
{{ form.pwd }}
{{ form.email }}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
数据库筛选
# [obj,obj,obj]
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888")
obj = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").first()
# True/False
exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exists()
#排除自己以外，其他的数据是否手机号是否重复？
# id!=2 and mobile='1888888888'
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exclude(id=2)
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="19999999991",id=12)
data_dict = {"mobile":"19999999991","id":123}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=12) # 等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gt=12) # 大于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gte=12) # 大于等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lt=12) # 小于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lte=12) # 小于等于12
data_dict = {"id__lte":12}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="999") # 等于
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__startswith="1999") # 筛选出以1999开头
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__endswith="999") # 筛选出以999结尾
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__contains="999") # 筛选出包含999
data_dict = {"mobile__contains":"999"}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
分页操作
分页逻辑
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1)[0:10]
# 第1页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[0:10]
# 第2页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[10:20]
# 第3页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[20:30]
bootstrap分页封装
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
class Pagination(object):
def __init__(self, request, queryset, page_size=10, page_param="page", plus=5):
"""
:param request: 请求的对象
:param queryset: 符合条件的数据（根据这个数据给他进行分页处理）
:param page_size: 每页显示多少条数据
:param page_param: 在URL中传递的获取分页的参数，例如：/etty/list/?page=12
:param plus: 显示当前页的 前或后几页（页码）
"""
from django.http.request import QueryDict
import copy
query_dict = copy.deepcopy(request.GET)
query_dict._mutable = True
self.query_dict = query_dict
self.page_param = page_param
page = request.GET.get(page_param, "1")
if page.isdecimal():
page = int(page)
else:
page = 1
self.page = page
self.page_size = page_size
self.start = (page - 1) * page_size
self.end = page * page_size
self.page_queryset = queryset[self.start:self.end]
total_count = queryset.count()
total_page_count, div = divmod(total_count, page_size)
if div:
total_page_count += 1
self.total_page_count = total_page_count
self.plus = plus
def html(self):
# 计算出，显示当前页的前5页、后5页
if self.total_page_count <= 2 * self.plus + 1:
# 数据库中的数据比较少，都没有达到11页。
start_page = 1
end_page = self.total_page_count
else:
# 数据库中的数据比较多 > 11页。
# 当前页<5时（小极值）
if self.page <= self.plus:
start_page = 1
end_page = 2 * self.plus + 1
else:
# 当前页 > 5
# 当前页+5 > 总页面
if (self.page + self.plus) > self.total_page_count:
start_page = self.total_page_count - 2 * self.plus
end_page = self.total_page_count
else:
start_page = self.page - self.plus
end_page = self.page + self.plus
# 页码
page_str_list = []
self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1])
page_str_list.append('<li><a href="?{}">首页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))
# 上一页
if self.page > 1:
self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page - 1])
prev = '<li><a href="?{}">上一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
else:
self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1])
prev = '<li><a href="?{}">上一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
page_str_list.append(prev)
# 页面
for i in range(start_page, end_page + 1):
self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [i])
if i == self.page:
ele = '<li class="active"><a href="?{}">{}</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)
else:
ele = '<li><a href="?{}">{}</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)
page_str_list.append(ele)
# 下一页
if self.page < self.total_page_count:
self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page + 1])
prev = '<li><a href="?{}">下一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
else:
self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count])
prev = '<li><a href="?{}">下一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
page_str_list.append(prev)
# 尾页
self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count])
page_str_list.append('<li><a href="?{}">尾页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))
search_string = """
<li>
<form style="float: left;margin-left: -1px" method="get">
<input name="page"
style="position: relative;float:left;display: inline-block;width: 80px;border-radius: 0;"
type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="页码">
<button style="border-radius: 0" class="btn btn-default" type="submit">跳转</button>
</form>
</li>
"""
page_str_list.append(search_string)
page_string = mark_safe("".join(page_str_list))
return page_string
分页组件使用
视图函数页面:
# 自定义的分页组件，以后如果想要使用这个分页组件，你需要做如下几件事：
# 在视图函数中：
def pretty_list(request):
# 1.根据自己的情况去筛选自己的数据
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()
# 2.实例化分页对象
page_object = Pagination(request, queryset)
context = {
"queryset": page_object.page_queryset, # 分完页的数据
"page_string": page_object.html() # 生成页码
}
return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)
HTML页面:
{% for obj in queryset %}
{{obj.xx}}
{% endfor %}
<ul class="pagination">
{{ page_string }}
</ul>
时间插件
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.css">
<input type="text" id="dt" class="form-control" placeholder="入职日期">
<script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$('#dt').datepicker({
format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',
startDate: '0',
language: "zh-CN",
autoclose: true
});
})
</script>
ModelForm和BootStrap
form中之间添加属性
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = ["name", "password",]
widgets = {
"name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
"password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
"age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
}
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
name = forms.CharField(
min_length=3,
label="用户名",
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
)
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = ["name", "password", "age"]
{{form.name}} BootStrap的input框
{{form.password}} BootStrap的input框
重新定义init方法批量设置
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = ["name", "password", "age",]
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
for name, field in self.fields.items():
field.widget.attrs = {
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": field.label
}
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = ["name", "password", "age",]
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
for name, field in self.fields.items():
# 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
if field.widget.attrs:
field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
else:
field.widget.attrs = {
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": field.label
}
自定义类，然后继承
class BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
for name, field in self.fields.items():
# 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
if field.widget.attrs:
field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
else:
field.widget.attrs = {
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": field.label
}
bootstrap样式继承实例
class UserEditModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = ["name", "password", "age",]
class BootStrap:
bootstrap_exclude_fields = []
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
for name, field in self.fields.items():
if name in self.bootstrap_exclude_fields:
continue
# 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
if field.widget.attrs:
field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
else:
field.widget.attrs = {
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": field.label
}
class BootStrapModelForm(BootStrap, forms.ModelForm):
pass
class BootStrapForm(BootStrap, forms.Form):
pass
中间件
定义中间件类
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
class M1(MiddlewareMixin):
""" 中间件1 """
def process_request(self, request):
# 如果方法中没有返回值（返回None），继续向后走
# 如果有返回值 HttpResponse、render 、redirect
print("M1.process_request")
return HttpResponse("无权访问")
def process_response(self, request, response):
print("M1.process_response")
return response
class M2(MiddlewareMixin):
""" 中间件2 """
def process_request(self, request):
print("M2.process_request")
def process_response(self, request, response):
print("M2.process_response")
return response
应用中间件 setings.py
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'app01.middleware.auth.M1',
'app01.middleware.auth.M2',
]
中间件实现校验登录
编写中间件
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect
class AuthMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self, request):
# 0.排除那些不需要登录就能访问的页面
# request.path_info 获取当前用户请求的URL /login/
if request.path_info == "/login/":
return
# 1.读取当前访问的用户的session信息，如果能读到，说明已登陆过，就可以继续向后走。
info_dict = request.session.get("info")
print(info_dict)
if info_dict:
return
# 2.没有登录过，重新回到登录页面
return redirect('/login/')
应用中间件
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'app01.middleware.auth.AuthMiddleware',
]
登录与注销
cookie和session
# cookie，本质上保存在浏览器端的键值对。
# session，保存服务器端（django是将session默认存储在数据库中）
def order_add(request):
request.session['xx'] = 123
def logout(request):
request.session.clear()
登录
def index(request):
info = request.session.get("info")
if not info:
return redirect('/login/')
...
注销
def logout(request):
""" 注销 """
request.session.clear()
return redirect('/login/')
生成数字图片验证码
pip install pillow
import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter
def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='Monaco.ttf', font_size=28):
code = []
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
def rndChar():
"""
生成随机字母
:return:
"""
return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
def rndColor():
"""
生成随机颜色
:return:
"""
return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
# 写文字
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
for i in range(char_length):
char = rndChar()
code.append(char)
h = random.randint(0, 4)
draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰点
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰圆圈
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
x = random.randint(0, width)
y = random.randint(0, height)
draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
# 画干扰线
for i in range(5):
x1 = random.randint(0, width)
y1 = random.randint(0, height)
x2 = random.randint(0, width)
y2 = random.randint(0, height)
draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
return img, ''.join(code)
if __name__ == '__main__':
img, code_str = check_code()
print(code_str)
with open('code.png', 'wb') as f:
img.save(f, format='png')
ajax请求
$.ajax({
url:"发送的地址",
type:"get",
data:{
n1:123,
n2:456
},
success:function(res){
console.log(res);
}
})
GET请求
$.ajax({
url: '/task/ajax/',
type: "get",
data: {
n1: 123,
n2: 456
},
success: function (res) {
console.log(res);
}
})
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
def task_ajax(request):
print(request.GET)
return HttpResponse("成功了")
POST请求
$.ajax({
url: '/task/ajax/',
type: "get",
data: {
n1: 123,
n2: 456
},
success: function (res) {
console.log(res);
}
})
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
print(request.GET)
print(request.POST)
return HttpResponse("成功了")
绑定事件
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block content %}
<div class="container">
<h1>任务管理</h1>
<h3>示例1</h3>
<input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/>
</div>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
// 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
bindBtn1Event();
})
function bindBtn1Event() {
$("#btn1").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url: '/task/ajax/',
type: "post",
data: {
n1: 123,
n2: 456
},
success: function (res) {
console.log(res);
}
})
})
}
</script>
{% endblock %}
ajax请求返回值接受
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block content %}
<div class="container">
<h1>任务管理</h1>
<h3>示例1</h3>
<input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/>
</div>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
// 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
bindBtn1Event();
})
function bindBtn1Event() {
$("#btn1").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url: '/task/ajax/',
type: "post",
data: {
n1: 123,
n2: 456
},
dataType: "JSON",
success: function (res) {
console.log(res);
console.log(res.status);
console.log(res.data);
}
})
})
}
</script>
{% endblock %}
import json
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
def task_list(request):
""" 任务列表 """
return render(request, "task_list.html")
@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
print(request.GET)
print(request.POST)
data_dict = {"status": True, 'data': [11, 22, 33, 44]}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))
jquery修改标签内容
- 本质上：找到标签；操作标签。
- 找标签
$("#x1")
$(".x1")
$("div")
$("input[type='text']") 找到 input 标签且 type='text'
- 操作标签
$("#x1").text() <div id='x1'>dd</div>
$("#x1").text("xxx") <div id='x1'>xxx</div>
$("#x1").val() <input id='x1' />
$("#x1").val("xxx") <input id='x1' />
$("#x1").attr("uu") <div id='x1' uu="123">dd</div>
$("#x1").attr("uu","999") <div id='x1' uu="999">dd</div>
$("#x1").empty() <div id='x1'>dd</div> - 清空内容
$("#x1").remove() <div id='x1'>dd</div> - 整个标签删除
文件上传
基本操作
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="text" name="username">
<input type="file" name="avatar">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
def upload_list(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, 'upload_list.html')
# # 'username': ['big666']
# print(request.POST) # 请求体中数据
# # {'avatar': [<InMemoryUploadedFile: 图片 1.png (image/png)>]}>
# print(request.FILES) # 请求发过来的文件 {}
file_object = request.FILES.get("avatar")
# print(file_object.name) # 文件名：WX20211117-222041@2x.png
f = open(file_object.name, mode='wb')
for chunk in file_object.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
return HttpResponse("...")
批量上传文件至数据库案例
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block content %}
<div class="container">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title"> {{ title }} </h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" novalidate >
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div class="form-group">
<label>{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
<span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
from django import forms
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapForm
class UpForm(BootStrapForm):
bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']
name = forms.CharField(label="姓名")
age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
img = forms.FileField(label="头像")
def upload_form(request):
title = "Form上传"
if request.method == "GET":
form = UpForm()
return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, "title": title})
form = UpForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
# {'name': '武沛齐', 'age': 123, 'img': <InMemoryUploadedFile: 图片 1.png (image/png)>}
# 1.读取图片内容，写入到文件夹中并获取文件的路径。
image_object = form.cleaned_data.get("img")
# file_path = "app01/static/img/{}".format(image_object.name)
db_file_path = os.path.join("static", "img", image_object.name)
file_path = os.path.join("app01", db_file_path)
f = open(file_path, mode='wb')
for chunk in image_object.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
# 2.将图片文件路径写入到数据库
models.Boss.objects.create(
name=form.cleaned_data['name'],
age=form.cleaned_data['age'],
img=db_file_path,
)
return HttpResponse("...")
return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, "title": title})
启用media
urls.py操作
from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings
urlpatterns = [
re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}, name='media'),
]
settings.py
import os
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"
混合数据保存数据库案例
models.py
class City(models.Model):
""" 城市 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=32)
count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="人口")
# 本质上数据库也是CharField，自动保存数据。
img = models.FileField(verbose_name="Logo", max_length=128, upload_to='city/')
ModelForm
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapModelForm
class UpModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']
class Meta:
model = models.City
fields = "__all__"
视图函数
def upload_modal_form(request):
""" 上传文件和数据（modelForm）"""
title = "ModelForm上传文件"
if request.method == "GET":
form = UpModelForm()
return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, 'title': title})
form = UpModelForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
# 对于文件：自动保存；
# 字段 + 上传路径写入到数据库
form.save()
return HttpResponse("成功")
return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, 'title': title})
