前言

开发和服务器部署基本都是 Linux 环境，本篇手把手教你CentOS8 和 Ubuntu两大主流系统命令行安装 MySQL，全程命令复制即用，无多余操作。

一、通用前置准备

关闭防火墙、关闭 SELinux（服务器环境可选）

bash

运行

# CentOS systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld # Ubuntu ufw allow 3306

二、CentOS8 安装 MySQL

1. 安装 MySQL 源

bash

运行

dnf install -y https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el8-3.noarch.rpm

1. 安装 MySQL 服务

bash

运行

dnf install -y mysql-community-server

1. 启动并设置开机自启

bash

运行

systemctl start mysqld systemctl enable mysqld

1. 查看初始临时密码

bash

运行

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

1. 登录修改密码

bash

运行

mysql -uroot -p ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root@123456';

1. 开启远程连接

sql

CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root@123456'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

三、Ubuntu 安装 MySQL

1. 更新软件源

bash

运行

apt update

1. 直接安装

bash

运行

apt install mysql-server -y

1. 启动自启

bash

运行

systemctl start mysql systemctl enable mysql

1. 进入配置授权远程访问

bash

运行

sudo mysql

sql

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

1. 修改配置允许外网连接编辑/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf把bind-address = 127.0.0.1注释掉，重启 MySQL。

四、常用运维命令

bash

运行

# 启动/停止/重启 systemctl start mysqld systemctl stop mysqld systemctl restart mysqld # 查看状态 systemctl status mysqld